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Publications referencing Swarm
Contains URLs, abstracts and keywords, where available.
(<a xmlns="" href="biblio/pubs-print.ps">Postscript version</a>) Abstract Swarm in the literature. The most recent version of this document can be found at the <a xmlns="" href="http://www.swarm.org/pubs.html">SDG site</a>. Last modified on: $Date: 2003/05/16 19:58:58 $ Books<a id="luna:perrone"></a> [Luna:Perrone:2001] Agent-Based Methods in Economics and
Finance: Simulations in Swarm . Francesco Luna and Alessandro Perrone. 0-7923-7419-3. Kluwer Academic
Publishers. October 2001.
Series: Advances in Computational Economics. volume 17. Hans Amman and Anna Nagurney. -
Abstract: Extract of <a xmlns="" href="http://www.wkap.nl/prod/b/0-7923-7419-3">book</a>
description from the publishers:<p></p> This volume on financial and economic simulations in
Swarm marks the continued progress by a group of researchers
to incorporate agent-based computer models as an important
tool within their discipline.<p></p>Swarm promotes agent-based computer models as a tool
for the study of complex systems. A common language is leading
to the growth of user communities in specific areas of
application. Furthermore, by providing an organizing framework
to guide the development of more problem-specific structures,
and by dealing with a whole range of issues that affect their
fundamental correctness and their ability to be developed and
reused, Swarm has sought to make the use of agent-based models
a legitimate tool of scientific investigation that also meets
the practical needs of investigators within a community....<p></p>
</dd>
<a id="luna"></a> [Luna:Stefansson:2000] Economic Simulations in Swarm: Agent-Based Modelling and Object Oriented Programming. Francesco Luna and Benedikt Stefannson. 0-7923-8665-5. Kluwer Academic
Publishers. 2000.
Series: Advances in Computational Economics. volume 14. Hans Amman and Anna Nagurney. -
Abstract: Book description from the
publishers:<p></p>Computer simulations of economic systems are slowly
gaining ground within the economic profession. However, such
a process is hindered by a lack of communication among
researchers who do not share a common language. For its
object-oriented structure and its versatility, Swarm has the
necessary characteristics to become a credible universal
language of agent-based simulations. Economic Simulations in
Swarm collects a series of original articles in such domains
as macro and micro economics, industrial organization,
monetary theory, and finance, all linked by a common
denominator: the use of the Swarm simulation
platform. <p></p>Swarm, a standard set of program libraries, allows
users to construct simulations where a collection of
heterogeneous independent agents or elements interact through
discrete events. This volume offers the first extensive
tutorial to the use of these software libraries developed at
the Santa Fe Institute as part of the ongoing research into
complexity.<p></p>The editors conceived the idea of this book while
visiting the Santa Fe Institute as members of the `Working
Group on Adaptive and Computable Economics'. Francesco Luna is
a specialist in Computable Economics, and Benedikt Stefansson
is an active contributor to the Swarm community.<p></p>An outline of the book and source code for models
discussed in the book are available <a href="ftp://ftp.swarm.org/pub/swarm/src/users-contrib/anarchy/lunabook/index.html">here</a>.<p></p>
</dd>
Papers[Armstrong:1998] Aaron A. Armstrong and Edmund H. Durfee . " Mixing and Memory: Emergent Cooperation in an Information Marketplace "Proceedings of the Third International Conference
on Multiagent SystemsJuly 1998. . IEEE Computer Society Press . [Booth:1997] Ginger Booth . "<a xmlns="" href="http://peaplant.biology.yale.edu:8001/papers/swarmgecko/rewrite.html">Gecko:
A Continuous 2D World for Ecological Modeling</a>"Artificial
Life. 3. 147--163. Summer 1997. [Bruhn:1997] Peter Bruhn . Master's Thesis. Enterprise Simulation using Multi-Agent System Modeling and the Swarm Toolkit . October 1997. [Burkhart:1994] Roger Burkhart . "<a xmlns="" href="http://www.santafe.edu/~rmb/oopsla94.html">The Swarm
Multi-Agent Simulation System</a>"(OOPSLA) '94 Workshop on "The Object Engine"7 September 1994. . [Burkhart:1995] Roger Burkhart . Object-Oriented Programming Systems, Languages, and
Applications (OOPSLA) '95 Adaptable and Adaptive Software Workshop 8 October 1995. . "<a xmlns="" href="http://www.santafe.edu/~rmb/oopsla95.html"> Create-phase
Protocols for Object Customization</a>" [Burkhart:1997] Roger Burkhart . "<a xmlns="" href="http://www.santafe.edu/~rmb/oopsla97.ps">Schedules of Activity in the Swarm Simulation System</a>"OOSPLA '97 Workshop on OO Behavioral Semantics1997. . [Carnahan:1997] John Carnahan , Song-gang Li , Carlo Costantini , Yeya T. Toure , and Charles E. Taylor . MIT Press . " Computer Simulation of Dispersal by em Anopheles Gambiae s.l. in West Africa "Artificial Life V: Proceedings of the Fifth
International Workshop on the Synthesis and Simulation of
Living Systems1997. . 387--394 .
Series: Complex Adaptive Systems. MIT Press. Boston. [Chantemargue:1998a] F. Chantemargue , T. Dagaeff , M. Schumacher , and B. Hirsbrunner . " Autonomous Agents and Cooperation:
Application to Collective Robotics "University of Fribourg. Computer Science Department. Fribourg
Switzerland. . Internal Note 98-03. February 1998. [Chantemargue:1998b] F. Chantemargue , O. Krone , M. Schumacher , T. Dagaeff , and B. Hirsbrunner . " Autonomous Agents: from Concepts to Implementation "Proceedings of the Fourteenth European Meeting on
Cybernetics and Systems Research (EMCSR'98)April 14-17 1998. ViennaAustria. . 731--736 . 1998 . [Cohen:1999] Michael D. Cohen , Rick L. Riolo , and Robert Axelrod . "<a xmlns="" href="http://www.pscs.umich.edu/RESEARCH/pscs-tr.html">The Emergence of Social Organization in the Prisoners' Dilemma: How Context-Preservation and other Factors Promote Cooperation</a>"PSCS Working Paper 99-01-002. January 1999. <a id="Coyle:2001"></a> [Coyle:2001] <a xmlns="" href="http://www.cs.tcd.ie/Lorcan.Coyle/FYP/DESwarm.pdf">Demonstrating Darwinian Evolution Using Swarm</a>. Lorcan Coyle. May 2001. -
Abstract: This report details the design and implementation of an artificial world that demonstrates Darwinian evolution. This is done using an agent based modellingtool called Swarm. This world is populated with hundreds of agents that compete with one another to survive. Their behavioural attributes are coded into their genes. The initial population consists of individuals with randomly coded genes. It is hoped that by exerting Darwinian evolution on this, a population of agents, optimally suited for survival in the world will emerge.<p></p>
</dd>
[Dagaeff:1997] T. Dagaeff , F. Chantemargue , and B. Hirsbrunner . Proceedings of the Second European Conference on Cognitive
Science (ECCS'97)
Manchester
U.K.
. April 9-11. . 91-96 . "<a xmlns="" href="http://www.santafe.edu/projects/swarm/users/ebcmas.ps">Emergence-based Cooperation in a Multi-Agent System</a>" 1997 . [Downing:1999] Keith Downing and Peter Zvirinsky . "<a xmlns="" href="http://alife.tuke.sk/projekty/mag_html/guild/guild-intro.html">The
Simulated Evolution of Biochemical Guilds: Reconciling Gaia
Theory and Natural Selection</a>"Artificial Life. 4. 2000. -
Abstract: Gaia theory, which states that organisms both
affect and regulate their environment, poses an interesting
problem to Neo-Darwinian evolutionary biologists and
provides an exciting set of phenomena for artificial-life
investigation. The key challenge is to explain the emergence
of biotic communities that are capable, via their implicit
coordination, of regulating large-scale biogeochemical
factors such as the temperature and chemical composition of
the biosphere, but to assume no evolutionary mechanisms
beyond contemporary natural selection. Along with providing
an introduction to Gaia theory, this paper presents
simulations of Gaian emergence based on an artificial-life
model involving genetic algorithms and guilds of simple
metabolizing agents. In these simulations, resource
competition leads to guild diversity; the ensemble of guilds
then manifests life-sustaining nutrient recycling and exerts
distributed control over environmental nutrient
ratios. These results illustrate that standard
individual-based natural selection is sufficient to explain
Gaian self-organization, and they help clarify the
relationships between two key metrics of Gaian activity:
recycling and regulation. <p></p>
</dd>
[Fulkerson:1997] B. Fulkerson and G. Staffend . " Decentralized Control in the Customer Focused Enterprise "Annals of Operations Research. 325--333 . 1997 . -
Abstract: This paper discusses analytical methods to
enable the order fulfillment process (OFF) of a customer-focused
enterprise. We present three examples of agent-based systems
that illustrate the benefits of decentralized control in
discrete part manufacturing. The Swarm simulation platform is
introduced as a novel means to investigate supply chain
management strategies. <p></p>
</dd>
[Hinsch:1998] M. Hinsch and J. J. Merelo . "<a xmlns="" href="ftp://kal-el.ugr.es/pub/evIPD/IPD.ps.gz">Coevolving Iterated Prisonner's dilemma strategies in different environments</a>"Univ. Granada, Spain. GeNeura Team, Dept. ATC,. . g-98-1. 1998 . [Jares:1998] Tim Jares . The Survival and Consequences of Noise Traders in Financial Markets: A Numerical Modeling Approach . PhD Thesis. University of Nebraska. . August 1998. [Johnson:1998a] Paul Johnson . " Adaptive Agents versus Rational Actors: Social Science Implications "Annual Meeting of the American Political Science
Association 3-6 September 1998.
Marriott Copley Place and Sheraton Boston Hotel
and TowerBoston
. . [Johnson:1998b] Paul Johnson . " An Agent Based Model of the
Exchange Theory of Interest Groups "Annual Meeting of the American Political Science
Association 3-6 September 1998. Marriott Copley Place and Sheraton Boston Hotel and TowerBoston. . [Kohler:1996a] T.A. Kohler and Eric Carr . "<a xmlns="" href="http://www.archaeology.usyd.edu.au/resources/documents/kohler/index.htm">
Swarm-based Modeling of Prehistoric Settlement Systems in
Southwestern North America</a>" Proceedings of Colloquium II, UISPP, XIIIth CongressSeptember 1996. . Series: Sydney University Archaeological Methods. 5. I. Johnson and M. North. School of Archaeology, University of Sydney, Australia . [Kohler:1996b] T. A. Kohler , Carla R. Van West , Eric P. Carr , and Christopher G. Langton . "<a xmlns="" href="http://www.ncgia.ucsb.edu/conf/SANTA_FE_CD-ROM/sf_papers/kohler_tim/kohler.html">Agent-Based Modeling of Prehistoric Settlement Systems in the Northern American Southwest</a>"Proceedings of Third International Conference Integrating GIS and Environmental Modeling, Santa Fe, New Mexico1996. . National Center for Geographic Information and Analysis. Santa Barbara. [Kohler:1999] T. A. Kohler , J. Kresl , C. Van West , Eric Carr , and Richard Wilshusen . "Be There Then: A Modeling Approach
to Settlement Determinants and Spatial Efficiency among late
Ancestral Pueblo Populations of the Mesa Verde Region,
U.S. Southwest" Dynamics in Human and Primate Societies: Agent-Based Modeling of Social and Spatial Processes. Timothy Kohler and George Gumerman. Santa Fe Institute and Oxford University Press . 1999 . [Kreft:1998] Jan-Ulrich Kreft , Ginger Booth , and Julian W. T. Wimpenny . "<a xmlns="" href="http://www.eeb.yale.edu/ginger/bacillus/paper.html">BacSim,
a simulator for individual-based modelling of bacterial colony
growth</a>" Microbiology. 3275 - 3287. 1998 . [Krone:1998a] O. Krone , F. Chantemargue , T. Dagaeff , M. Schumacher , and B. Hirsbrunner . 149-158 . " Coordinating Autonomous Entities "Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on Applied
Computing (SAC'98). Special Track on Coordination, Languages
and ApplicationsFebruary 27 - March 1 1998. AtlantaGeorgiaUSA. . [Krone:1998b] O. Krone , F. Chantemargue , T. Dagaeff , and M. Schumacher . " Coordinating Autonomous Entities with STL "The Applied Computing Review. Special issue on Coordination Models Languages and Applications. 1998 (to appear). [Krothapalli:1997] N.K.C. Krothapalli and A. V. Deshmukh . " Effects of negotiation mechanisms on performance of agent based manufacturing Systems "Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference
on Flexible Automation and Intelligent
Manufacturing1997. . 704-717 . -
Abstract: This paper
proposes new inter-agent negotiation mechanisms for improving
the performance of agent based or decentralized manufacturing
systems. The focus of this paper is on demonstrating efficiency
of different negotiation and collaboration schemes between
agents of the same class (parts, machines, etc) and inter-class
negotiations using currency metrics. The cooperation and
negotiation protocols are modeled using the em Swarm multi-agent
simulation platform. We demonstrate the robustness of the
proposed schemes, and compare them with hierarchical scheduling
systems. <p></p>
</dd>
[Krothapalli:1998a] N.K.C. Krothapalli and A. V. Deshmukh . " Self-regulating negotiating
schemes for robust agent--based manufacturing systems
"Proceedings of the Seventh Industrial Engineering
Research Conference1998. . -
Abstract: Agent-based manufacturing systems offer several
advantages over hierarchically organized systems. However,
performance of agent-based systems has been a major concern
which has hampered widespread acceptance of these
systems. Several researchers have noted that the performance
of agent-based systems is highly sensitive to the bidding or
negotiation protocols used. In this paper, we study the
robustness of system performance measures with respect to
the negotiation protocols used by the individual agents. We
propose self-regulating negotiation schemes which prevent
the agents from ``price or ``utility cascades. The core
of the self-regulatory mechanism lies in a dynamic utility
curve, which is based on the current state and the past
history of the agent. <p></p>
</dd>
[Krothapalli:1998b] N.K.C. Krothapalli and A.V. Deshmukh . " Design of negotiation protocols for multi--agent
manufacturing systems "International Journal of Production
Research. 1998 (in press). -
Abstract: This paper proposes new inter-agent and
intra-agent negotiation mechanisms for improving the
performance of multi-agent or decentralized manufacturing
systems. The overall performance of this system depends on
the effective interactions between agents. This research
presents methods which would permit cooperation and
multi--stage interactions among agents. Agents may
collaborate or preempt other agents based on the available
currency and task criticality. The objective of this
research is to demonstrate the efficiency of different
negotiation and collaboration schemes between agents of the
same class (parts, machines, etc), and inter-class
negotiations using currency metrics and preemption. The
proposed negotiation schemes are implemented using the Swarm
simulation platform. <p></p>
</dd>
[Manuca:1998] Radu Manuca , Yi Li , Rick Riolo , and Robert Savit . "<a xmlns="" href="http://www.pscs.umich.edu/RESEARCH/pscs-tr.html">The
Structure of Adaptive Competition in Minority Games</a>"PSCS Working Paper98-11-001. 1998. [Marshall:1999] J.A.R. Marshall and J.E. Rowe . "The Evolution of Cooperation Through Kin Selection "International Journal of Systems Science. 1999 (submitted). [McMullin:1997a] Barry McMullin . -
Abstract: This report presents a detailed review and
re-presentation of the algorithm for (computational) realisation
of autopoiesis, originally presented by Varela et
al. (1974). The review is from the perspective of one seeking to
re-implement this algorithm. It arises from an on-going project
to develop such a re-implementation using the Swarm simulation
system.[1] The motivation for such re-implementation is firstly
to critically re-examine the phenomenology generated by this
model chemistry, and secondly to use it as a basis for exploring
more complex systems. The algorithm is first reviewed and
annotated for internal consistency and clarity; it is then
separately reviewed for consistency with the experimental
results which originally accompanied it. A number of significant
discrepancies are discussed. By kind permission of Francisco
Varela, this report also includes, as an Appendix, some
previously unpublished documentation and source code (in FORTRAN
IV) associated with the original model. By critical
consideration of the experimental results in conjunction with
this code, an important--perhaps crucial--interaction, not
included in any previous description of the model, has been
re-discovered. This interaction is presented and discussed
briefly. <p></p>
</dd>
Santa Fe Institute Working Paper 97-01-001. "<a xmlns="" href=" http://www.santafe.edu/sfi/publications/Working-Papers/97-01-001/">Computational
Autopoiesis: The Original Algorithm</a>" January 1997. [McMullin:1997b] Barry McMullin . "<a xmlns="" href="http://www.santafe.edu/sfi/publications/Working-Papers/97-01-002">SCL:
An Artificial Chemistry in Swarm</a>"SFI Working Paper 97-01-002. January 1997. -
Abstract: This report describes the SCL (v0.04)
system. This is an implementation of an artificial
chemistry, using the Swarm simulation system. This chemistry
is qualitatively based on the system first described in
Varela et al. (1974). This involves three distinct chemical
species: Substrate, Catalyst and Link, hence SCL. It was
designed with a view to generating simple phenomena of
autopoietic organisation. Varela et al. included a detailed
algorithmic account of their original model; however, as
documented in (McMullin 1997), there are a number of
problems with interpreting and/or re-implementing that
algorithm. Arising from this, that original algorithm was
essentially set aside in designing SCL; instead, SCL seeks
to capture only the general, qualitative, reaction schemes
described by Varela et al. SCL was developed for two
separate purposes. Firstly, it provides a platform to
critically re-evaluate the phenomena--particularly
autopoietic phenomena--that can be realised with this
general kind of reaction scheme. That phenomenological
investigation will be described in a separate report. The
second objective was to gain experience of the Swarm
simulation system and evaluate its suitability for this kind
of project. This report is concerned solely with this second
objective: i.e. with documenting the implementation, and
with evaluating the use of Swarm. <p></p>
</dd>
[McMullin:Varela:1997] Barry McMullin and Francisco J. Varela . "<a xmlns="" href="http://www.eeng.dcu.ie/~alife/bmcm-ecal97">Rediscovering Computational Autopoiesis</a>"Proceedings of the Fourth European Conference on
Artificial Life July 1997. .
Series: Complex Adaptive Systems. Phil Husbands and Inman Harvey. MIT Press . -
Abstract: This paper summarises some initial empirical
results from a new computer model (artificial chemistry)
which exhibits spontaneous emergence and persistence of
autopoietic organisation. The model is based on a system
originally presented by Varela, Maturana and Uribe. In
carrying out this re-implementation it was found that an
additional interaction (chain-based bond inhibition), not
documented in the original description by Varela et al., is
critical to the realisation of the autopoietic
phenomena. This required interaction was re-discovered only
following careful examination of (unpublished) source code
for an early version of the original model. The purpose of
the paper is thus twofold: firstly to identify and discuss
this previously undocumented, but essential, interaction;
and secondly to argue, on the basis of this particular case,
for the importance of exploiting the emerging technologies
which support publication of completely detailed software
models (in addition, of course, to conventional publication
of summary experimental results). <p></p>
</dd>
[Minar:1996] Nelson Minar , Rogert Burkhart , Chris Langton , and Manor Askenazi . "<a xmlns="" href="http://www.swarm.org/archive/overview.ps">The Swarm Simulation System: A Toolkit for Building Multi-Agent Simulations</a>"SFI Working Paper 96-06-042. 1996 . -
Abstract: Swarm is a multi-agent software platform for
the simulation of complex adaptive systems. In the Swarm
system the basic unit of simulation is the swarm, a
collection of agents executing a schedule of actions. Swarm
supports hierarchical modeling approaches whereby agents can
be composed of swarms of other agents in nested
structures. Swarm provides object oriented libraries of
reusable components for building models and analyzing,
displaying, and controlling experiments on those
models. Swarm is currently available as a beta version in
full, free source code form. It requires the GNU C Compiler,
Unix, and X Windows. More information about Swarm can be
obtained from our web pages <a href="http://www.swarm.org">http://www.swarm.org</a> <p></p>
</dd>
[Parunak:1998] H. V. D. Parunak , R. Savit , and R. L. Riolo .
Series: LNAI series. 1534. Sichman, Conte, and Gilbert. Multi-agent systems and Agent-based Simulation (MABS'98)1998. . Springer-Verlag. " Agent-Based Modeling vs. Equation-Based Modeling: A Case Study and Users' Guide " 1998 . [Pepper:1999] J.W. Pepper and B. Smuts . "<a xmlns="" href="http://www.pscs.umich.edu/RESEARCH/pscs-tr.html">The
evolution of cooperation in an ecological context: an
agent-based model</a>" Dynamics in Human and Primate Societies: Agent-Based Modeling of Social and Spatial Processes. Timothy Kohler and George Gumerman. Santa Fe Institute and Oxford University Press . 1999 . [Pepper:2000] John Pepper. "<a xmlns="" href="http://homepages.feis.herts.ac.uk/~nehaniv/al7ev/pepper.ps">The evolution of modularity in genome architecture</a>"<a href="http://www.cs.herts.ac.uk/~nehaniv/al7ev/cnts.html">Evolvability workshop</a> at <a href="http://alife7.alife.org">Artificial Life VII</a>1-2 August 2000.
Reed College
Portland Oregeon
. . <a id="polhill2001"></a> [Polhill:2001] Imitative versus nonimitative strategies in a land-use simulation. J. G. Polhill, N. M. Gotts, and A. N. R. Law. 2001. Cybernetics and Systems. 1-2. 285-307. -
Abstract:
This article describes results from a simulation model of rural land use,
focusing on how the relative advantages of imitative and nonimitative
approaches to land use selection change under different circumstances. It
is shown that the success of "imitation" depends in quite complex ways
on the type of imitation used, the strategies of other agents with which
the imitator is interacting, and aspects of the heterogeneity of the
environment.
<p></p>
</dd>
[Railback:1999b] S. F. Railsback, R. H. Lamberson, and S. Jackson. "Individual-based Models: Progress
Toward Viability for Fisheries Management"Spatial Processes and Management of Fish Populations,
Proceedings of the 17th Lowell Wakefield SymposiumAnchorageAlaska. . 1999 (submitted). -
Abstract: Individual-based models have many features desirable for
fisheries management: they are the only class of models that
can easily represent many natural complexities, spatial
processes, and cumulative effects; and their individual
orientation makes them easy to understand and parameterize
with laboratory and field observations. However, these models
are currently viewed as impractical because of complexity and
cost, and they lack scientific and regulatory credibility. We
have a program to overcome these obstacles by developing new
theoretical approaches and software. Theoretical development
has focused on improving and testing the rules that govern
fish movement, because movement is the primary way fish
respond to spatial processes. We let each fish select habitat
that maximizes a simple definition of fitness that is based on
the expected probability of surviving starvation and other
risks over a future time horizon. We also developed software
with graphical interfaces allowing the behavior of individual
fish to be observed and tested, a prerequisite for
establishing the credibility of individual-based models.
<p></p>
</dd>
[Railsback:1999a] S. F. Railsback , R. H. Lamberson , B. C. Harvey , and W. E. Duffy . "Movement rules for individual-based
models of stream fish"Ecological Modelling. 2-3. 73-89. 1999. -
Abstract: Spatially explicit individual-based models use
movement rules to determine when an animal departs its current
location and to determine its movement destination; these
rules are therefore critical to accurate simulations. Movement
rules typically define some measure of how an individual's
expected fitness varies among locations, under the assumption
that animals make movement decisions at least in part to
increase their fitness. Recent research shows that many fish
move quickly in response to changes in physical and biological
conditions, so movement rules should allow fish to rapidly
select the best location that is available and accessible and
not impose randomness or time lags on movement. The theory
that a fish's fitness is maximized by minimizing the ratio of
mortality risk to food intake is not applicable to typical
individual-based model movement decisions and can cause
serious errors in common situations. Instead, we developed
fitness measures from unified foraging theory that are
theoretically and computationally compatible with
individual-based fish models. One such fitness measure causes
a fish to select habitat that maximizes its expected survival
over a specified time horizon, considering both starvation and
non-starvation risks. This fitness measure is dependent on the
fish's current state, making fish with low energy reserves
more willing to accept risks in exchange for higher intake. A
second measure represents expected reproductive maturity by
multiplying expected survival by a factor representing how
close to the size of first reproduction the fish grows within
the time horizon. <p></p>
</dd>
[Railsback:1999c] Lang, Railsback & Assoc.. "Tools for Individual-based Stream
Fish Models: Improving the Cost-Effectiveness and Credibility of
Individual-based Approaches for Instream Flow
Assessment"
Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA. EPRI TR-114006. 1999. [Railsback:2000a] S. F. Railsback and B. C. Harvey. Individual-based Model Formulation for Cutthroat Trout,
Little Jones Creek, California . (in preparation). [Railsback:2000b] S. F. Railsback and B. C. Harvey. "Comparison of salmonid habitat
selection objectives in an individual-based model"Ecology. January 2000 (in preparation). [Satterfield:1999] T. Satterfield and M. Murphy . " A computational model of creole genesis "Linguistic Society of America MeetingJanuary 1999. Los Angeles. . [Savage:1998] Melissa Savage and Manor Askenazi . "<a xmlns="" href="http://www.santafe.edu/sfi/publications/Abstracts/98-06-056abs.html">Arborscapes:
A Swarm-Based Multi-agent Ecological Disturbance Model</a>"Submitted, available as SFI Working Paper 98-06-056. Geographical and Environmental Modelling. 1998 . -
Abstract: This paper presents an agent-based,
object-oriented ecological model of forest dynamics designed
to examine the role of disturbance on diversity. Arborscapes
is based on Swarm, an agent-based software platform that
offers advantages for ecological modeling, including a suite
of standardized libraries of objects, schedules, and probes,
and architectural features such as inheritance, message
passing, encapsulation, and hierarchical
structure. Object-oriented models are more transparent,
portable and more easily modified than process oriented
models, and therefore promise to facilitate collaboration on
computational experiments. The initial application of
Arborscapes was the analysis of disturbance dynamics, but
the model was designed to be modified for a variety of
applications in the simulation of vegetation community
dynamics. <p></p>
</dd>
[Savage:2000] Melissa Savage, Bruce Sawhill, and Manor Askenazi. "Community Dynamics: What Happens
When We Rerun the Tape?"Journal of Theoretical Biology. 515-526. 4. 2000. [Savit:1997] Robert Savit , Radu Manuca , and Rick Riolo . "<a xmlns="" href="http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/adap-org/9712006">Adaptive
Competition, Market Efficiency, Phase Transitions and
Spin-Glasses</a>" LANL Eprint archives paper adap-org/9712006. 1998 . [Savit:1998] Robert Savit , Radu Manuca , and Rick Riolo . "<a xmlns="" href="http://www.pscs.umich.edu/RESEARCH/pscs-tr.html">The
Dynamics of Minority competition</a>"Physical Review Letters. 1998. [Schretzenmayr:1998] Martina Schretzenmayr . Strategien zur Umnutzung von
grossflaechigen innerstaedtischen Industrie- und
Gewerbebrachen (Strategies for the redevelopment of
large-scale inner city industrial sites) . PhD Thesis, ETH No. 12473, in German. 1998 . -
Abstract: This work examines the redevelopment of
large-scale inner city brownfield sites using case studies
of five German and two Swiss sites. Special emphasis is
placed on the suitability of different planning strategies
for redeveloping brownfield sites. It could be shown, that
the control mechanism of stage-wise planning, which is
normally used for the development of greenfield sites,
becomes ineffective for brownfield sites because every
parcel of an industrial or commercial site is available for
immediate redevelopment Despite the inadequacies of
stage-wise planning, this approach was the most commonly
observed in the case studies. The examination of the case
study sites has revealed that the redevelopment of
industrial sites tends to be concentrated around the edges
of the sites and also around parcels which are made
especially attractive by their accessibility to
transportation (e.g. near subway stations). Furthermore,
parcels near so-called "facilities with surplus
importance" are preferred. "Facilities with
surplus importance" refer to those facilities which can
serve as seeds for the attachment of facilities with similar
or associated uses (multiplier effect). Examples include
technology transfer facilities or recreational and cultural
facilities which might encourage the development of nearby
hotels and restaurants. A hypothesis formulated at the
beginning of this work proved to be appropriate for the
redevelopment of brownfield sites. This strategy aims to
establish "facilities of surplus importance" at
suitable locations in the interior of the site. These points
will then serve as "condensation nuclei". The
"condensation nuclei" should be placed at
intersections of public and private transportation links in
order to exploit available access routes. Public
transportation, especially rail transport, should have high
priority as an investment for the future of the site. The
redevelopment process will be initiated at the
"condensation nuclei" and will grow from these to
cover the whole site. Placing such "condensation
nuclei" adjacent to traffic intersections guarantees
access to new buildings and facilities and ensures that new
modes of public transportation will be fully utilized - even
in the very beginning of the redevelopment process. The
proposed strategy has been tested using a multi-agent
simulation of complex systems (Swarm) and could be
verified. Finally, after analyzingq the planning process of
the surveyed case studies, this work formulates
recommendations for the execution of redevelopment projects.
<p></p>
</dd>
[Stefansson:1997] B. Stefansson . " Swarm: An Object Oriented Simulation Platform Applied to Markets and Organizations "Evolutionary Programming VI1997. .
Series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science. 1213. P. Angeline, R. Reynolds, J. McDonnel, and R. Eberhart. Springer-Verlag . New York. [Strader:1998] Troy J. Strader , Fu-Ren Lin , and Michael J. Shaw . "<a xmlns="" href="http://www.soc.surrey.ac.uk/JASSS/1/2/5.html">Simulation of
Order Fulfillment in Divergent Assembly Supply Chains</a>"Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation. 2. March 1998. -
Abstract: Management of supply chains is a difficult task
involving coordination and decision-making across
organizational boundaries. Computational modeling using
multi-agent simulation is a tool that can provide decision
support for supply chain managers. We identify the
components of a supply chain model and implement it in the
Swarm multi-agent simulation platform. The model is used to
study the impact of information sharing on order fulfillment
in divergent assembly supply chains (commonly associated
with the computer and electronics industries). We find that
efficient information sharing enables inventory costs to be
reduced while maintaining acceptable order fulfillment cycle
times. This is true because information, which provides the
basis for enhanced coordination and reduced uncertainty, can
substitute for inventory. <p></p>
</dd>
[Strader:1999] Troy J. Strader , Fu-Ren Lin , and Michael J. Shaw . " The Impact of Information Sharing on Order Fulfillment in Divergent Differentiation Supply Chain "Journal of Global Information Management. 1. January - March 1999. [Terna:1998a] P. Terna . -
Abstract: Social scientists are not computer scientists,
but their skills in the field have to become better and
better to cope with the growing field of social simulation
and agent based modelling techniques. A way to reduce the
weight of software development is to employ generalised
agent development tools, accepting both the boundaries
necessarily existing in the various packages and the subtle
and dangerous differences existing in the concept of agent
in computer science, artificial intelligence and social
sciences. The choice of tools based on the object oriented
paradigm that offer libraries of functions and graphic
widgets is a good compromise. A product with this kind of
capability is Swarm, developed at the Santa Fe Institute and
freely available, under the terms of the GNU license. A
small example of a model developed in Swarm is introduced,
in order to show directly the possibilities arising from the
use of these techniques, both as software libraries and
methodological guidelines. With simple agents - interacting
in a Swarm context to solve both memory and time simulation
problems - we observe the emergence of chaotic sequences of
transaction prices. <p></p>
</dd>
"<a xmlns="" href=" http://www.soc.surrey.ac.uk/JASSS/1/2/4.html">Simulation
Tools for Social Scientists: Building Agent Based Models with
Swarm</a>"Journal of Artificial Societies and
Social Simulation. 2. March 1998. [Terna:1998b] P. Terna . "ABCDE: Agent Based Chaotic Dynamic Emergence"
Series: Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence. 1534. Multi-Agent Systems and Agent-Based Simulation, First
International Workshop, MABS'98 . Springer . Berlin. 1998. -
Abstract: This paper concerns agent based experiments in
the field of negotiation and exchange simulation. A computer
simulation environment is built, showing the emergence of
chaotic price sequences in a simple model of interacting
consumers and vendors, both equipped with minimal rules. em
Swarm the framework of the model
(www.santafe.edu/projects/swarm), a simulation tool with a
strong object oriented structure, also very useful to separate
in a clear way the model level from the level of the
observer. Swarm is fully programmable in Objective C, with many
powerful libraries, aimed at modeling the objects and the
schedules of our experiments, with lists and arrays where
necessary. Finally we introduce a tool (Cross Target method:
CT), useful in building artificial laboratories, for experiments
with learning, self-developed consistency and interaction of
agents in artificial worlds, in order to observe the emergence
of complexity without a priori behavioral rules: The perspective
of our work is that of developing CT within the Swarm framework
to replicate the ABCDE experiment in this light-rules or
no-rules context. <p></p>
</dd>
[Terna:2000c] P. Terna. "Economic Experiments with Swarm: a Neural Network Approach to the Self-Development of Consistency in Agents' Behavior"Economic Simulations in Swarm: Agent-Based Modelling and Object Oriented Programming. F. Luna and B. Stefansson. Dordrecht and London, Kluwer Academic. 2000. -
Abstract: We underline the usefulness of agent based models in the social science perspective, also focusing on the main computational problems due to the structure of our models: to simplify the task we introduce a generalized Environment-Rules-Agents scheme. Finally, within Swarm, we introduce a neural network tool (Cross Target method), useful in building artificial laboratories, for experiments with learning, self-developed consistency and interaction of agents in artificial worlds, in order to observe the emergence of complexity without a priori behavioral rules.<p></p>
</dd>
[Terna:2000d] P. Terna. "The "mind or no mind" dilemma in agents behaving in a market"Applications of Simulation to Social Sciences. G. Ballot and G. Weisbuch. Paris, Hermes Science Publications. 2000. -
Abstract: In computer simulation models based upon agents, what is the degree of sophistication that we have to put into the agents? Should we provide them or not with a "mind"? The answer ranges from Axelrod's simplicity principle to the use of full BDI (Beliefs, Intentions, Desires) cognitive agents. To discuss the subject we introduce here three models: one with "no-mind" agents that operate in an unstructured market, the second with "minded" agents assuring some stability to an emerging unstructured market and, finally, the third with no mind agents, that show a sophisticated outcome in a structured market. No generalised results come from this presentation, but many useful doubts.<p></p>
</dd>
[Villa:1998] F. Villa and R. Costanza . "<a xmlns="" href="http://kabir.cbl.umces.edu/~villa/sni/paper">Design of
multi-paradigm integrating modeling tools for ecological
research </a>" Journal of Environmental Modelling and Software. multi-paradigm ecological modelling, remote simulation control, simulation interface design, model coordination, Swarm. 1998 (submitted).
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